![[personal profile]](https://www.dreamwidth.org/img/silk/identity/user.png){kind=small}
curiouslРассказать охота, но как это будет по-русски я с трудом соображаю. Поскольку перевод получится почти как заголовок, то я тут лучше просто оригинальных цитат накидаю.
Source: http://www.solarserver.de/solarmagazin/index-e.html
П.С. При всей альтернативности источника энергии, "география энергетики", а с ней и политика, похоже изменятся мало - разве что Россия и Венесуэла остаются на бобах. В отличии от наших двоюродных братьев, которые совсем наоборот.
by Rolf Hug
23.02.2007
Trans-Mediterranean Renewable Energy Cooperation (TREC) A solution with which our electricity may be obtained in future from the desert. ... TREC, established in September 2003, developed a comprehensive concept for energy, water and climate security in Europe, the Middle East and Northern Africa, in short: EUMENA (EUrope, Middle -East, Northern Africa).
The far-reaching recommendations made by TREC are based on scientific studies conducted by the German Centre for Aviation and Space Travel (DLR) that prove that the deserts of Northern Africa and the Middle East could become a permanent source of clean energy for the countries of Europe by the middle of the 21. century, that greenhouse gas emissions could be reduced by 70% and that nuclear energy can be abandoned.
Proven technologies are available already
TREC focuses primarily on wind energy and concentrated solar power (CSP) with which electricity can be generated in solar thermal power plants that can then be supplied to consumers in Europe with the help of efficient HVDC transmission. Technologies required for this are available already and have stood the test of time.
...
solar thermal power plants in sunny locations around the Mediterranean Ocean, where electricity is generatedin steam turbines with heat from concentrated sunlight, have distinct advantages in comparison to the generation of electricity with photovoltaic modules.
Plannable electricity supply, even if the sun’s not shining
Contrary to photovoltaics, where solar radiation is directly transformed into electricity by solar cells, solar thermal power plants boast high degrees of efficiency and low electricity production costs even in great heat. This is generally unknown to the public, as is the fact that solar thermal power plants do not only provide electricity when the sun is shining. They have heat storage tanks (e.g. liquid salt tanks) that can be heated over the hottest hours of midday with surplus solar energy and can thus enable the production of solar power after sunset. And also during the day this stored heat can be used to produce electricity if the need arises.
The DLR scenario requires covering of peak consumption plus 25 % reserve capacities and this is what is currently being practised. According to TREC this is only practically possible if by 2050 the fossil power plant capacities were doubled or if solar thermal power plants are utilised, since other renewable energy sources either generate too little controllable electricity (photovoltaics and wind) or are restricted in terms of their energy potentials (biomass and hydropower). The DLR scenario thus envisages to maintain gas-driven peak-load power plants with low capacity utilisation until 2050, whereas conventional base -load power stations will disappear almost entirely.
Power supply scenario in EUMENA countries until 2050.
According to this EUMENA future model solar thermal power plants will be utilised to cover 68 % of the local electricity demand in MENA and Europe by 2050, 13 % for desalination of water in MENA and 19 % are allocated to the export of electricity from MENA to Europe.
If solar thermal plants also utilise co-generated heat, e.g. for air-conditioning, for generating industrial process steam or for desalination of sea water, ideally up to 25 % of the captured radiationcan be transformed into electricity and an additional 40 % into utilisable energy. According to TREC, this exceeds the energy utilisation efficiency of conventional photovoltaic plants by four to six times.
Studies prove feasibility and high electricity yields
... solar thermal power plants can generate sufficient electricity to cover the increasing demand of the MENA states and Europe by utilising less than 0.3 % of the desert areas of MENA. Furthermore, sea water can be desalinated in the process and thus drinking water is produced.
a surface area of one square kilometre in the desert can produce approx. 250 gigawatt-hours of electricity per annum. This is 250 times more than can be harvested from one square kilometre of biomass and still five times more than from the best wind energy plants and hydro power plants.
... a surface area the size of Lake Nasser in Egypt (6 000 km2, see picture) receives as much energy from the sun as is currently extracted in the Middle East in the form of oil (9 billion barrels per annum – 1 barrel equalling to 159 litres).
...Experts calculated that the implementation of a single large solar thermal power plant project as suggested by TREC would reduce the costs of solar thermal energy production to below the costs of most fossil fuels.Currently the price for heat from concentrated collectors that correspond to one barrel of oil is already approx. 50 dollars.
Clean power from the sun-belt of our earth: California and Northern Africa are ideal locations for solar thermal power plants. Large industrial centres in the North can be reached with HVDC lines.
23.02.2007
Trans-Mediterranean Renewable Energy Cooperation (TREC) A solution with which our electricity may be obtained in future from the desert. ... TREC, established in September 2003, developed a comprehensive concept for energy, water and climate security in Europe, the Middle East and Northern Africa, in short: EUMENA (EUrope, Middle -East, Northern Africa).
The far-reaching recommendations made by TREC are based on scientific studies conducted by the German Centre for Aviation and Space Travel (DLR) that prove that the deserts of Northern Africa and the Middle East could become a permanent source of clean energy for the countries of Europe by the middle of the 21. century, that greenhouse gas emissions could be reduced by 70% and that nuclear energy can be abandoned.
Proven technologies are available already
TREC focuses primarily on wind energy and concentrated solar power (CSP) with which electricity can be generated in solar thermal power plants that can then be supplied to consumers in Europe with the help of efficient HVDC transmission. Technologies required for this are available already and have stood the test of time.
...
solar thermal power plants in sunny locations around the Mediterranean Ocean, where electricity is generatedin steam turbines with heat from concentrated sunlight, have distinct advantages in comparison to the generation of electricity with photovoltaic modules.
Plannable electricity supply, even if the sun’s not shining
Contrary to photovoltaics, where solar radiation is directly transformed into electricity by solar cells, solar thermal power plants boast high degrees of efficiency and low electricity production costs even in great heat. This is generally unknown to the public, as is the fact that solar thermal power plants do not only provide electricity when the sun is shining. They have heat storage tanks (e.g. liquid salt tanks) that can be heated over the hottest hours of midday with surplus solar energy and can thus enable the production of solar power after sunset. And also during the day this stored heat can be used to produce electricity if the need arises.
The DLR scenario requires covering of peak consumption plus 25 % reserve capacities and this is what is currently being practised. According to TREC this is only practically possible if by 2050 the fossil power plant capacities were doubled or if solar thermal power plants are utilised, since other renewable energy sources either generate too little controllable electricity (photovoltaics and wind) or are restricted in terms of their energy potentials (biomass and hydropower). The DLR scenario thus envisages to maintain gas-driven peak-load power plants with low capacity utilisation until 2050, whereas conventional base -load power stations will disappear almost entirely.
Power supply scenario in EUMENA countries until 2050.
According to this EUMENA future model solar thermal power plants will be utilised to cover 68 % of the local electricity demand in MENA and Europe by 2050, 13 % for desalination of water in MENA and 19 % are allocated to the export of electricity from MENA to Europe.
If solar thermal plants also utilise co-generated heat, e.g. for air-conditioning, for generating industrial process steam or for desalination of sea water, ideally up to 25 % of the captured radiationcan be transformed into electricity and an additional 40 % into utilisable energy. According to TREC, this exceeds the energy utilisation efficiency of conventional photovoltaic plants by four to six times.
Studies prove feasibility and high electricity yields
... solar thermal power plants can generate sufficient electricity to cover the increasing demand of the MENA states and Europe by utilising less than 0.3 % of the desert areas of MENA. Furthermore, sea water can be desalinated in the process and thus drinking water is produced.
a surface area of one square kilometre in the desert can produce approx. 250 gigawatt-hours of electricity per annum. This is 250 times more than can be harvested from one square kilometre of biomass and still five times more than from the best wind energy plants and hydro power plants.
... a surface area the size of Lake Nasser in Egypt (6 000 km2, see picture) receives as much energy from the sun as is currently extracted in the Middle East in the form of oil (9 billion barrels per annum – 1 barrel equalling to 159 litres).
...Experts calculated that the implementation of a single large solar thermal power plant project as suggested by TREC would reduce the costs of solar thermal energy production to below the costs of most fossil fuels.Currently the price for heat from concentrated collectors that correspond to one barrel of oil is already approx. 50 dollars.
TREC demands that the European Union, as a first step, supports a campaign that is to convince the governments in the Middle East and Northern Africa that solar thermal power plants will be more cost-effective in the long run than plants running on fossil fuels. MENA countries would benefit from this, even without exporting electricity.
Clean power from the sun-belt of our earth: California and Northern Africa are ideal locations for solar thermal power plants. Large industrial centres in the North can be reached with HVDC lines.Source: http://www.solarserver.de/solarmagazin/index-e.html
П.С. При всей альтернативности источника энергии, "география энергетики", а с ней и политика, похоже изменятся мало - разве что Россия и Венесуэла остаются на бобах. В отличии от наших двоюродных братьев, которые совсем наоборот.
